REMINISCENCES OF OLD SHEFFIELD

CHAPTER III.

CHURCH STREET AND THE OLD CHURCH,-ST. JAMES'S STREET, THE OLD CUTLERS' HALL.

Scene and Time-After supper at Mr. EVERARD'S.
 
Present-WRAGG, TWISS, LEIGHTON, EVERARD, and LEONARD.

WRAGG: Suppose from this hospitable board we get back to Church street?

LEONARD : -

* * * Church lane, that poor narrow place, With wood buildings
projecting; 'twas quite a disgrace The roofs nearly meeting, a dark
dreary street, Might justly be styled the ' robbers' retreat," Where
shops were so darkened for want of true light, Appeared quite at
noontide as though it were night.

LEIGHTON: Ah, you have got hold of James Wills's doggrel ; you should go
on to quote his description of the street's improvement into " fine
shops for each tradesman," and the " beautiful road into Bow street,"
where " coaches come down with the Manchester trade."

EVERARD : That widening took place in 1785, and was to the extent of
about three yards.

TWISS: And it was still further widened in 1866-7 by another slice from
the churchyard.

LEONARD: As we go down the street, we meet with various sites of much
interest. There is, for instance, what was once the residence of Mr.
Hall Overend, one of the most celebrated medical men of Sheffield in the
early part of this century; afterwards of his son, Mr. Wilson Overend;
and now the boot shop of Mr. Brown. Mr. Hall Overend died in May, 1831,
at the age of fifty-nine. His medical knowledge had been acquired under
the great disadvantages incident to that period. He served an
apprenticeship to a noted druggist and apothecary, named Sutcliffe, who
dispensed medicine and advice largely at a shop near the Bay Horse, on
Sheffield Moor. Hall Overend was a diligent student, and when he left
Mr. Sutliffe, acquired a medical qualification, and began practice in
Broad lane. Thence he removed to Church street, where his house and
surgery occupied the frontage from Orchard street to the corner of Smith
street, excepting the shop of North, the butcher. Mr. Hall Overend's
skill, quickness, and diligence were rewarded by great success. He had a
most extensive and laborious, but profitable practice. At that time our
medical men made their rounds on horseback, and they began by degrees to
seek relief by the partial use of gigs. For some years, Mr. Hall Overend
rode a mule-very handsome, fleet, and enduring, but subject to fits of
obstinacy, in which the animal would fight long battles with his rider
for the mastery. The urgency of Mr, Overend's practice could not brook
loss of time, and the mule had to repair, by extra speed, the delay he
had occasioned. Mr. Hall Overend had felt so much the want of facilities
for a professional education, that he gave his eldest son, John (who
died early), and his second son, Wilson, the highest training as
physician and surgeon that the schools of England and the Continent
could afford. Mr. Overend also established a school of anatomy and
medicine for the medical pupils of Sheffield. At that time the only
human bodies that could be legally dissected were those of people who
had been qualified by the hangman, and they were not obtainable in
Sheffield. Mr. Overend had to supply his school. with "subjects" by the
ageney of "resurrection men," and it was understood he did this at
considerable personal risk, both from the law and the populace. Mr. Hall
Overend collected, at much expense, a valuable museum of natural
history, which his family ultimately presented to the Literary and
Philosophical Society. Excessive labours had so much impaired Mr. Hall
Overend's health, that when Mr. Wilson Overend was prepared to assume
the weight of the practice, his father withdrew very much from it, and
lived at Bolsover Hill, on the Barnsley road, until his death. His
surviving sons-of whom we spoke in connection with the Grammar
School-both attained to eminence. Mr. Wilson Overend was a distinguished
surgeon, and became an active magistrate and public man. Mr. Wm.
Overend, the youngest son, was a barrister, and rose to the leadership
of the circuit in Yorkshire. He twice contested Sheffield, and once East
Derbyshire, in the Conservative interest. In 1859 he was returned for
Pontefract, but had to resign his scat on petition. Mr. William Overend
has recently given up the practice of his profession to enjoy the life
of a country gentleman. Mr. Hall Overend was a Quaker-not very
observant, however, of the rules of the " Society," though Mrs. Overend
and her daughters wore the Quaker dress of the time and attended
"meeting." The brother of Mr. Hall Overend was the founder of the great
discount house in London, which acquired a degree of credit second only
to the Bank of England. It was familiarly known in the City as the "
Corner House." When, many years after the death of its founder, its
management had passed into less honest and prudent hands, its failure
shook the commercial world, and the day of its stoppage was called "
Black Friday." Mr. Hall Overend's children acquired a considerable
accession of fortune on the death of the widow of their uncle.

TWISS : A very few yards further down the street, on the other side-that
is, at the corner of Vicar lane, where is now Mr. Thomas, surgeon, Mr.
Jonathan Barber, the father of the present Mr. Jonathan Barber, surgeon,
and of Mr. James Henry Barber, banker, learnt pharmacy with the same Mr.
Richard Sutliffe whom Mr. Leonard has mentioned. Mr. Barber and Mr. Hall
Overend married sisters. At this corner he and Mr. Silvester frequently
met to carry on their scientific experiments, in the early days of the
discovery of electricity, and they are even said to have invented an
electric battery. Afterwards Mr. Barber commenced practice in
Scarborough; thence he removed to London, and subsequently he went to
Montreal. Mr. Barber, in addition to his scientific attainments, was a
man of great elocutionary power ; and a speech he made at Scarborough,
in 1813, on behalf of the Bible Society, attracted so much attention
that it was printed as a pamphlet. While in London, he was secretary to
the Royal Humane Society, and distinguished himself by his eloquence at
its annual banquets.

LEIGHTON: We must not linger round the most prominent object in the
street, the Old Church and the churchyard, for Hunter, as to the former,
and Mr. Holland's pamphlet, as to the latter, give us all information.

LEONARD: Yet I do not see in either of them a statement of the curious
fact that when, in 1800, the Church was being repaired and altered, it
was found that the east end stood on a vast bed of bones. This has been
taken by some as a confirmation of the tradition that the Romans had a
camp here-hence Campa or Campo lane ; but these philological guesses are
very hazardous.

WRAGG: I fancy Campo lane means the lane leading to the country.

LEONARD : It is no use theorising about etymologies; lot us rather
record that we do know. Mr. Samuel Roberts's Autobiography has
fortunately perpetuated for us a graphic

account of the Church before the improvements made at the beginning of
this century. He wrote: " The Church itself was one of the most gloomy,
irregularly-pewed places in the kingdom. It seemed as if, after the work
of pewing had begun, every person who chose had formed, a pew for
himself in his own way, to his own size, height, and shape. There were
several galleries, but all formed, as it seemed, in the same way as the
pews-some of them on pillars, and some hung in chains. The Lord's closet
was a gloomy structure. High under the lofty centre arch spanned from
side to side the massive rood loft, behind which, filling up the apex of
the arch, were the king's arms, painted most gloriously, and
magnificently large. Under the clock, in a large glass case, yet
scarcely perceptible in the gloom, was the pendulum, blazoned with an
enormous staring gilt sun, solemnly and mysteriously moving from side to
side with a loud, headpiercing tick or tack at each vibration. * * *
Glad indeed was I always when the service was over; when pattens began
to clatter, and Johnny Lee, the clerk, was called to on all sides for a
light to the lanterns."

EVERARD: One of the pews which Mr. Roberts speaks of as being " hung in
chains " was fixed in the north gallery, over the stair head, and at the
time went by the nickname of either the " coal cart," or the " coal
barge," I forget which. Into this place my father, with other
youngsters, used to climb; and when perched up there, they could do very
much as they pleased whilst looking down on the congregation below.

TWISS : You make no mention of the thirty fire-buckets which hung in the
chancel ready (in the then primitive absence of engines) for use in. the
event of a fire breaking out in the town. The buckets and the hooks to
hang them on were, as the inscription in the quire to his memory used to
tell, given by Robert Rollinson, mercer, the maker of Barker pool .
Perhaps you do not remember them or their successors (for Mr. Rollinson
died in 1631), but they must have been there in the time spoken of by
the late Mr. Roberts.

WRAGG: Mr. Roberts's mention of the great pendulum reminds me of a
singular use to which it was once put. Martha Wright, who afterwards
became the wife of William Cutler Nadin, was a singer at the Parish
Church, and on one occasion she fell asleep there during service. When
she awoke, she found everybody gone, the church locked up and deserted.
She tried in vain to make herself heard, when a very clever idea,
suggested by the pendulum, struck her. She arrested its swing, and
stopped the clock. The absence of the usual indications of the flight of
time attracted the attention of the clerk. He went to ascertain the
cause, and the girl obtained her liberation.

LEONARD: The present bells wore put up in 1798, and the new clock, with
its chimes, was erected in 1867. Sixty years hence our descendants will
perhaps thank us for putting on record that the tunes played are :
Sunday, " Easter Hymn ;" Monday, "Home, sweet home;" Tuesday, "Blue
bells of Scotland;" Wednesday, " The heavens are telling;" Thursday, "
Life let us cherish ; " Friday, The 104th Psalm ; Saturday, " Caller
Herring." You have no idea how difficult-indeed, impossible-I have found
it to obtain a complete list of the old chimes. All I can get together
are these: Sunday, 104th Psalm ; Monday, " Blue bells of Scotland;"
Wednesday, " See the conquering hero comes;" Saturday, --Happyclown,"
from Allan Ramsay's " Gentle Shepherd," a tune that was popularly known
as " Tang Ends."

EVERARD : One Of the tunes played was "There's nae luck about the
house."

LEIGHTON : If old 'Siali Carr had been alive he could have told you not
only the tunes of the late chimes, but of their predecessors, whose
beauty lie never ceased to lament. He was a great worshipper of them,
and would sit on the alablaster " stone listening to the airs most
devoutly.

TWISS: Let us not forget to mention that the old clock turret in front
of the steeple was removed when the new clock was erected, that being
set into the steeple itself. In doing this a stone was found, which had
evidently formed a portion of an arch in the Norman church. The pattern
upon the stone fixes the date of the church as in the 12th century, and
proves that this is not the original Norman tower.

EVERARD : I am sorry to see that our favourite Hallamshire legend about
the origin of the Tuesday evening's peal -that it was established in
gratitude by a wanderer who, belated on the moors beyond Ringinglow, was
saved by hearing their sound wafted to him through the still night
air-is believed to be mythical.

TWISS : Yea, it is a beautiful story, but there is nothing to show that
any legacy was ever left to defray the cost of ringing the bells on
Tuesday evenings; at least, neither the Town Trustees who pay for the
ringing, nor the ringers who receive the payment, know anything of such
a bequest.

LEONARD : I fear this is another of your etymologies, Mr. Wragg. The
story must have been concocted to fit the name of Ringinglow, which we
know to have existed at least as long ago as 1574, when it was 'I a
great heap of stones called Ringinglawe." At any rate, the legend only
shows that the bells were rung on Tuesday evenings before the legacy-if
there was one.

EVERARD : This Tuesday ringing is only in the winter months. It begins
on the Tuesday after Doncaster racesrather a curious calendar for church
bells-and continues until Shrove Tuesday. It is no doubt an immemorial
custom, connected possibly with the market day. The bells, by the way
are not now rung with the regularity or frequency that was formerly
observed. We used always to have a bell at six in the morning, at noon,
and at eight o'clock in the evening, on week-days; and there was an
early Sunday morning bell at seven o'clock, which was also the time on
saints'.days; but these are dropped now. We only have the peals on
"Queen's days" and special occasions-the three days following Christmas,
the last day in the old year, and New Year's Day.

LEIGHTON: It is a pity they should be discontinued; but I think I
remember business men complaining of the twelve o'clock peal as
interrupting.

WRAGG: Money-grubbers

LEONARD : I have been told by the ringers that the discontinuance of the
bells arose thus: When Mrs. Button, the wife of the late vicar, was ill,
they disturbed her, living as she did in the old Vicarage, so the Doctor
ordered them to stop ; and as no one ever commanded them to be resumed,
the custom fell into disuse. But I believe the eight o'clock curfew bell
had been discontinued before that.

TWISS: Here is a contribution to our ringing recollections : "May 2,
1809, died, a few days ago, Mr. Richard Owen, much lamented,
particularly by the Society of Change Ringers, to whom he had belonged
nearly sixty years. They will always bear in mind how cheerfully he led
off the first peal that was ever rung of ton new bells, on the 29th
April, 1799. He was interred at St. Peter's Church on the 29th April,
1809, being exactly ten years after the bells were first rung."

LEIGHTON: An interesting chapter might be written on the Old Church
steeple. Here is a jotting for it, extracted from Mr. Gales's Sheffield
Register, of July 18, 1789 : " It has been judged expedient, from its
being in a decayed state, to take down a few yards of the steeple of our
parish church. The person employed for this purpose has fixed ladders to
effect it, and on Thursday he took down the weathercock, amidst the
acclamations of an immense concourse of spectators, who had assembled on
the occasion. In the evening, after this had been effected, a slater, in
a state of intoxication, ascended the ladders, to the terror of the
spectators, who every moment expected he would be dashed to atoms. When
he was within a few yards of the top, their fears were heightened by his
hat blowing off; he, however, reached the summit, and came down again
remarkably swift and perfectly safe, to the relief of those who
witnessed the foolhardy attempt."

WRAGG: It is said that Mr. William Battie, who lived in Townhead street,
in the house now occupied by Mr. Parkin, tailor, the James Wills who has
been quoted lived, a door or two below, who once played a similar mad
freak.

LEONARD : Yes; the story is that in his younger days he, for a wager,
climbed up to the top of the old steeple by the projections, took hold
of the weathercock, waved his hat, came down again by the same way, and
reached the bottom in safety. " Billy Battie " Was " quite a character."

EVERARD : I have sufficient evidence for believing it was not Mr.
William Battie who did that piece of folly, but another man, who was, at
the time he undertook it, half drunk. What Mr. Battie did was this : On
the occasion when a certain portion of the church steeple was taken down
and rebuilt (possibly the time referred to in that extract from the
Register), several persons climbed up before the ladders were removed,
as a sort of opening ceremony. Among them was Mr. Battie. As previously
arranged, he stood upright upon the base, where the weathercock had to
be fixed, with nothing to hold by, and played the National Anthem on his
French horn. My father was present, and saw him thus standing, and heard
this musical performance.

TWISS : I have heard Mr. Battie tell the story himself.

WRAGG: That better accords with the character and position of Mr. Battie
than the other story. He was a Town Trustee, and a person of
considerable influence in that body. it was he who caused the opening to
be made at the bottom of Broad lane and Townhead street, by the
destruction of Radford row. In his younger days he was a cooper, but
afterwards he was a successful ivory merchant.

EVERARD : I have forgotten the name of the man who actually accomplished
the feat attributed to Mr. Battie, but he was a table-blade forger, and
at the time was working for Messrs. Broomhead Ward and Thomas Asline
Ward, brothers, who carried on business in Howard street, the latter
living in the house adjoining, the whole now forming part of the
premises of Messrs. Walker and Hall. This man (who, if I remember right,
had been a sailor) was one evening drinking with his mates at a
publichouse, when the question of the possibility of climbing up to the
top of the Old Church steeple by the projecting stones outside was
mooted, discussed, and disputed. He thereupon laid a wager that he could
do it, and started off, accompanied by some of his comrades. He
successfully accomplished the feat; but he told my mother, who knew the
man and had the relation from his own lips, that though he did not
experience much difficulty in getting to the top, yet, having arrived
there, the extreme peril of his position so struck his mind as
completely to sober him. When he reached the ground, without speaking to
any one, he ran home half frightened out of his wits.

LEONARD: I have always understood that the man's name was Thomas South.
He was well known in the town. One version of the story says he turned
the weathercock round.

LEIGHTON : Let us take a glance into St. James's street, once the
Vicarage croft, "a small field amidst gardens," with an old dry
draw-well in it. You all remember the yellow Vicarage, now supplanted by
the auction-room of Messrs. W. H. and J. A. Eadon, and the adjoining
buildings.

LEONARD: Yes, even I remember that unartistic building, with its plain
rounded windows. I used to have a feeling of something like awe for the
mysteries of the yard, entered from St. James's street by double doors,
and to wonder how the space between the Vicarage itself and the high
wall abutting on St. James's row was occupied.

TWISS : I have a rough drawing of the old place as it appeared in
process of demolition, in 1854. There was no upper story over the centre
part-the oldest portion of the building-though it was long ago that the
two ends had been added. Its combinations of lath, beams, plaster, and
rubble were very antique. There is one relic of it still to be seen, but
in an altered form and serving a new purpose. The large stone of the
step leading into Messrs. Eadon's auction room by the door in St.
James's street is the identical stone that served as mantel shelf in the
oldest part of the Vicarage.

WRAGG: The street was long famous in another wayas the chosen home of
the Scotch drapery business. Here, fifty years ago, Mr. John Brown, who
subsequently built Columbia Works, first introduced that trade.

LEONARD: For good or for evil- a point on which opinions greatly vary.

LEIGHTON : It was here that the militia of the town used to be drilled
and paraded. A soldierlylooking body of men they were, and they extended
five or ten deep the whole length of the street.

EVERARD: In St. James's street was the house where Mr. Robert Hadfield
lived, the warehouse being at the back. He had a family of four sons and
two daughters : Robert, the youngest, died many years ago ; Joseph and
Samuel were partners with the father; Mr. George Hadfield, the present
venerable M.P. for Sheffield, in early life removed to Manchester, where
for many years he practised as an attorney. He, I am told, still signs
cheques in the names of " Robert Hadfield and Sons." Mr. Robert Hadfield
built the house at Crookes moor side for a country residence. Mr. Ray,
surgeon, married one of the daughters, and the other died unmarried. Mr.
Robert Hadfield's tombstone may be seen by passers-by in the yard of
Howard street Chapel.

TWISS: There is an interesting point in connection with' St. James's
street. It is-from footpath to footpath, I believe-an exact proportion
of a mile, and may thus be considered our Hallamshire standard of long
measure.

LEONARD: Do you know anything, Mr. TWISS, of the history of the corner
house to which inquirers after Sheffield folk-lore do much resort for
interviews with that devoted and accurate antiquary, Mr. William Swift ?

TWISS: Now the Stamp office, you mean ? It was built by Mr. Stacey, who
supplied the woodwork for the renovated Parish Church and for St.
James's Church; and it is fitted in a style similar to the latter. Mr.
T. N. Bardwell, father of the present Mr. Frederick Bardwell,
subsequently lived in it; and after that, Mr. John Brown, of the firm of
parker, Brown and Parker, solicitors. When the firm dissolved, Mr.
Brown, for many years stamp distributor, retained the premises, which
are now occupied by his son, Mr. Walter Brown, attorney, and Major
Fawkes, stamp distributor.

WRAGG: In St. James's row was Mr. Carr, staymaker, a nice elderly
gentleman of the old style. He can still be remembered, clothed as
well-to-do men were a century agoin breeches and leggings. Sometimes he
wore a spencer over his coat, or a top coat like those now worn by the
inmates of the Shrewsbury Hospital.

TWISS: In the house adjoining the Stamp Office, the residence of that
skilful surgeon, the late Mr. Henry Jackson, and now of his son, Mr.
Arthur Jackson, formerly lived Mr. Brookfield, solicitor. Then at the
corner of the row and Church street-now Mr. Wiltshire's, late Mr.
Reedal's-was Dr. William Younge, the well-known physician, who died in
1838. I believe his father, Dr. Thomas Younge, to whom I made reference
when we were speaking of the Grammar School, was there before him.

EVERARD : The premises in Church Street now occupied by the Bible
Society were once the residence of Dr. Hodgson, father of Mr. John
Hodgson, of Goddard Hall. Then Mr. Geo. Turton, surgeon, was their
tenant; afterwards Mr. Aldam, Mr. Timothy Scott, and Mr. Algar. Dr.
Hodgson entered into partnership with Mr. Joseph Waterhouse, and they
built Portobello place, carrying on the silver plated manufacture there,
under the firm of " Waterhouse, Hodgson, and Co." Mr. Waterhouse's son
John married one of Dr. Hodgson's daughters, who is still living, having
been a widow for many years. The Doctor built the house on Western Bank,
the residence of the late Alderman W. A. Matthews; and he performed a
still more notable building feat in the erection of Bell Hagg Inn, then
and still popularly known as 'I Hodgson's Folly." He died in 1832.

WRAGG: The mention of Mr. Aldam reminds me of Mr. Daniel Wheeler, who
was in partnership with him.

EVERARD : I question whether the partnership existed here. Daniel
Wheeler had his porter vaults under the Quakers' Meeting House ; and,
subsequently, Mr. Aldam had the same. I remember seeing the sign of
"Daniel Wheeler" over the entry of what is now the Thatched House
Tavern. That Mr. Aldam was in partnership with Daniel Wheeler in some
place is certain, but whether in Church street is uncertain. For my
part, I do not believe he was.

WRAGG: At any rate, they were in partnership. I want, however, to
mention Daniel Wheeler, not as Mr. Aldam's partner, but as the
celebrated Quaker missionary, noticed by the poet Whittier. Just before
the Russian war many people were quite astounded that " the three
Quakers " should have had the presumption to visit the Emperor of Russia
to endeavour to prevail on him not to go to war ; but had they known the
close and intimate relations that had existed between the late Daniel
Wheeler. and the Czar Nicholas, and also the previous Emperor, they
would not have been surprised at the visit of Messrs. Sturge, Peace, and
Carleton. Mr. Wheeler " went about doing good."

EVERARD: Mr. Wheeler originally went out to Russia to manage a model
farm for the Emperor Alexander, who, about the year 1824 or 1825 had
visited England. He was a little, broad-built man, and lie wore a grey
Quakers' suit and broad-brimmed hat. He was away from England about ten
years. Soon after his return, the Society sent him, with one or two
others, to visit the mission stations ill the South Seas, New Zealand,
and other places. The journal he kept was not published, but it was
Landed round among the Friends for private perusal.

LEIGHTON : The site on which Mr. Aldam built the present wine and spirit
establishment was previously a publichouse, -with the sign of the "
Grapes." It was a respectable place of the kind, and was kept by a
person of the name of Hall. The house front projected halfway across the
causeway, beyond the line of the other buildings. It had three windows
in the front, and also a window ill each of the gable ends, one of them
facing up the street and the other down. The Sheffield local band used
to assemble here for practice. It included Williain Taylor, the French
horn player, and his soil John, the celebrated bugler ; together with
the Cleggs, father and soli, the trumpeters.

EVERARD : The Sheffield and Hallamshire Bank was built on the site of
the house below the " Grapes." That was it well-built and
respectable-looking house, with palisades ill front.

TWISS: It was a house with a fine old staircase, and was at one time the
property of the Fisher family, by whom it was 801(1 to the Staceys, who,
in turn, sold it for the purposes of the LEONARD:, The grandfather of
the present Mr. William Fisher lived there. The house was an extremely
good one. Behind it was a productive garden, in which, in addition to
the commoner fruits, grapes wore grown upon the walls. Then behind the
garden were the horn-pressing works of Mr. Fisher-works still occupied
by his descendants, though the trade has changed its character-in
Orchard place. By the gates was, as I have been told, a very fine pear
tree. After Mr. John Fisher, who died in 1820, his sons, Robert and
William. (the latter a fine old politician and reformer, remembered by
all of us), occupied the house ; and then, as Mr. TWISS has said, it
passed into other hands, although the works remained, And do still
remain, the property of the Fisher family.

TWISS: There is a curious story about an old barber who had a shop about
here. He was tall and spindle- shanked. His door was divided in the
middle into two halves, and at night his window was lighted by a tallow
candle stuck in a pint bottle. A number of mischievous youths-one of
whom when an old man told me the story-fastened the lower half of the
door on the outside, and then, through the upper half, throw in a number
of lighted jumping crackers. They could see the poor barber sitting
alone, and they watched the alarm and dismay with which he found himself
suddenly in the midst of a fusillade. The antics of the tall and "
ungain " barber, as he skipped about to avoid the crackers, and his
futile attempts to open the door and so escape, amused his tormentors
greatly.

LEIGHTON: Now we come to the old Cutlers' Hall, erected in 1726,
demolished 1832, its predecessor dating as far back as 1638, when the
Company built it on the site of some old " burbage houses." The second
was a very unpretentious building compared with that which has now taken
its place. It was a structure of three stories, with finished stone
corners and a broad stone border round the windows, of which there were
only two on the ground floor-between two doors, each of which was
surmounted by a pediment. The two ground floor windows were protected by
a low circular railing adorned with the cross-daggers ; while above, in
the centre, between two upper rows of windows, four in number, was the
coat of arms of the Company.

TWISS : Which still may be seen preserved in the wall at the back of the
present edifice.

EVERARD : Adjoining the Hall was the "Bird in the Hand" kept by old
Tommy Rose, the chief resort of the LEONARD Pray when wore these interesting ceremonials observed ?

EVERARD Oh, in 1791 and other years.

TWISS : " The good old times !"

EVERARD In 1807, Mrs. Brownell, the Mistress Cutler, gave an elegant
dinner to the ladies; and in the evening, an assembly at the rooms in
Norfolk street." Mrs. Ebenezer Rhodes did the same in the following
year; but the year following that, Mr. Robert Brightmore being Master,
times had become so bad that the Corporation announced that, "in
consequence of the state of their finances, they suspend the annual
feast and dine by tickets, 15s. each." Even earlier than that, in 1798,
the feast had been paid for by tickets, 10s. 6d. each, for another
reason, " the money usually applied to defray the expenses of the feast
having by vote been appropriated to the subscription in aid of the
exigencies of the Government."

LEONARD : We get a glimpse at the jolly doings at the old Cutlers'
feasts from Mr. Holland's " Memorials of Chantrey." Speaking of Mr.
Nicholas Jackson, the filemaker, of Shemeld croft, with one of whose
daughters Chantrey had a love affair, lie says, " Ancient guests at the
Cutlers' feast will remember how his loyal songs formerly divided with
those of another local worthy, Billy Battie " (of whom we have just been
speaking), " the applause of the Corporation, when sung in the old Hall,
in Church street." Fancy the manufacturers singing songs now-a-days on
that grand occasion!

WRAGG : The handsome building of the Sheffield and Rotherham Bank,
erected in 1866 in place of the plain brick structure, occupies the site
of the premises once the residence and factory of the Roebucks. The
history of Dr. Roebuck, the most distinguished member of the family, you
all know.

TWISS : His brothers first opened correspondences with the Continent,
and one of them was possibly the first Sheffield banker (1770); on whose
failure, eight years afterwards, the Broadbents' bank was established.

LEONARD: When the Roebucks died, they had not a long journey to take. A
tomb opposite the Sheffield and Rotherham Bank, dated 1752, bears the
names of Roebuck and Fenton ; and Mr. Holland tells us that " in the
month of May, 1785, Church lane was made wider by taking into it about
three yards of the churchyard and removing a certain number of coffins,
bodies, and gravestones, the last mostly bearing the name of Roebuck,
and forming at present (1869) part of the floors in the cellars and
kitchens of the houses opposite."

TWISS: In making that sweeping observation Mr. Holland did not display
the accuracy that is desirable in such matters. The fact is, he has
multiplied one single gravestone into a wholesale collection. The only
basis for his statement is the following: When the Sheffield and
Rotherham Bank made certain alterations in their promises, some years
before the rebuilding, it was found necessary to remove the flooring in
a cottage at the back, in which the bank messenger resided, and among
the payers so taken up was one which had been a gravestone, of which
this is a copy: "Here was interred the Body of Rogger Robuck, late of
Sheffield, joiner: he departed this life the 25th day of October, Anno
Dom. 16 and in the 70th year of his age." The date is imperfect, only a
portion of the third figure, which may be 0 or 6 or 9, remaining. The
full date may be 1600, or any year between that and 1609 inclusive ; or
it may be 1660, or any year between that and 1669 ; or it may be 1690,
or any year between that and 1699. I have made a careful search in the
parish register, but cannot find any entry of the burial of such a
person. It probably belongs to the period between 1660 and 1669, if the
following extract from " Depositions from York Castle," published by the
Surtees Society, relates to the same person: "A true bill against Henry
Bright, of Wharlow (Whirlow), gen., Stephen Bright, of the same, yeo.,
Roger Robuck, of the same, joiner, and Cornelius Clerk, of Cathorpe
(Cutthorpe), co. Derby, gen., for breaking into the forest of Thomas
Earle of Arundell, called Riveling Forrest, on 21 July, 1659, and
killing a stag." I think it not impossible that the stone may have come
from Nether Chapel, rather than from the Parish Churchyard.

LEIGHTON: Mr. Webb, a well-known Sheffield surgeon, lived from about
1813 to 1818, in a house on a part of the site now occupied by the
Sheffield and Rotherham Bank. He was a stout-built, dapper little man,
fond of dress, and he rode a good horse. He had removed to Church street
from Norfolk street, and thence lie went to Market street ; but he was
not in the latter place long, for he died at Broomhall Mill, where lie
had gone for the benefit of his health, about 1820.

TWISS : I believe at one time he lived in Fargate, by the Lord's house."

LEONARD : Mr. Webb was one of the first surgeons to the Infirmary, and
an amusing story has been told me of a quarrel he had with the Rev.
Alex. Mackenzie, of St. Paul's. It was the custom in those days for the
medical staff of the Infirmary to assemble for prayers before commencing
their duties; and Mr. Webb being invariably late, kept his colleagues
waiting. At length this became so intolerable that Mr. Mackenzie took
him to task, which the Doctor resented so warmly as to threaten to
horse-whip "the blackcoated scoundrel " for having the impudence to
dictate to him. A few days afterwards, when about to mount his horse at
his own door, Mr. Webb, seeing Mr. Mackenzie coming up the street, made
a rush, and began to carry his threat into execution. The curate of St.
Paul's ran for protection into the bank and sped upstairs, pursued by
the irate doctor, both being followed by a number of clerks and others,
astonished by this strange incursion. To appreciate fully the ridiculous
sight, you must remember that Mr. Mackenzie was an excessively tall
man-over six feet-and that his assailant was considerably under middle
height. Mr. Mackenzie did not live Iong after that. He went up to London
to undergo an operation for the stone, and lie died there-in 1816. Mr.
Webb had a garden at Harvest Grove, the end of Harvest lane, where Mr.
Waterhouse afterwards built a house. He had a farm at Park Wood Springs,
on land belonging to Parson Bland, of Bolsterstone, which was afterwards
sold to the building society. Mr. Webb was accustomed to give lectures
on surgery to medical students; and a list of his pupils would include
such names as Wilson Overend, Jackson, France. But meetings of another
kind were held at his house. Dr. Younge, Dr. Ernest, James Montgomery,
Robert Hadfield, and others used to meet there to discuss politics. The
Government of that day was very jealous of such meetings, and Mr. Webb's
servants had instructions to represent to any callers at such times that
he was engaged in lecturing upon surgery. Mr. Webb had himself been a
pupil of his uncle, Mr. Charles Hawksley, whose surgery was in High
street, near where Messrs. Foster, the tailors, are now; and lie was
succeeded in practice by Mr. Nelson.

LEIGHTON: Mr. Webb has been credited with being the hero of a curious
adventure among the colliers.

LEONARD : Yes ; but the assertion that the adventure happened to him is
denied with much emphasis and some indignation by one who knew him well,
and who asserts that lit, was not at all addicted to intemperance. I
am told that it is more likely to have happened to his brother, Parson
Webb, who was curate of Dore before the Rev. Frank Parker.

WRAGG: What is the story?

LEONARD : Its hero, whoever he may have been, having been drinking in
the neighbourhood of Intake, lay on the ground helplessly drunk. Some
colliers going to work at a neighbouring pit, partly as a practical
joke, and partly out of consideration for his safety, picked him up and
took him down the pit with them. After some time the inebriate came to
himself, and seeing a number of black visages around, and a place quite
different from any he had ever seen, thought he was dead and in another
world. The men had got with them a pitcher of ale, and gave their
visitor some. He drank, and said it was very much like what he had the
night before he died. This was likely enough, as it had come from the
very public-house where he had been drinking. One of the men asked him
who and what he was. He told what his name and profession had been in
the former state of existence, but accommodatingly said he would there
be anything the gentlemen pleased.

LEIGHTON : Se non e vero e' ben trovato. And at any rate this brings us
to the bottom of Church street, leaving us to contemplate the changed
aspect of affairs where, on the one side, the big establishment of
Messrs. Cole Brothers has sprung up-one hardly knows how many stories
high; while on the other, the old Town Hall has long since disappeared.

EVERARD : I'm sorry to interrupt on the threshold of so interesting a
theme, but had we not better reserve " the lobby " for our next meeting
? OMNES: Agreed.	[Exeunt.

This out of copyright material has been transcribed by Eric Youle, who has provided the transcription on condition that any further copying and distribution of the transcription is allowed only for noncommercial purposes, and includes this statement in its entirety.

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Last modified on: Saturday, 31 May 2008